Radiation heat transfer in axisymmetric quartz glass tubes

A mathematical model is proposed to describe the heat transfer in quartz glass axisymmetric tubes. Heat is transferred inside the glass by radiation and conduction. Scattering of thermal radiation inside the glass is ignored. At the boundaries of the tube the radiative intensity is specularly reflected. The spectral dependent radiative intensity and the temperature distribution inside the tube are determined. The model is applied to simulate the cooling process of a quartz glass tube. The calculated temperature is in agreement with that obtained from an experiment. Furthermore, steady-state temperature distributions in quartz glass tubes of different lengths have been determined.     

Water wave radiation by a sphere submerged in water with an ice-cover

Using the multipoles method, we formulate the problems of radiation (both heave and sway) of water waves by a submerged sphere in deep as well as in uniform finite depth water with an ice-cover, with the ice-cover being modelled as an elastic plate of very small thickness. In each case this leads to an infinite system of linear equations which are solved numerically by standard techniques. The added-mass and damping coefficients for a heaving and swaying sphere are obtained and depicted graphically against the wave number for various values of the radius of the submerged sphere and flexural rigidity of the ice-cover to show the effect of the presence of ice-cover on these quantities. When the flexural rigidity is taken to be zero, the numerical results for the added-mass and damping coefficient for water with a free surface are recovered.     

Physics in Melbourne

I survey highlights of the practice of physics and allied sciences in Melbourne,Australia, from the 1850s, soon after Europeans first settled in the area, to the present. I note recognizable sites of past and current physical-science activity that may be visited, as well as exhibits of historic items of physics apparatus. I trace the role of physics, in the course of a century and a half, in the evolution of a pioneering settlement into a large city embedded in a modern industrial economy.     

Integral Method o Reciprocity in the Spectroscopy of Laser Crystals with Impurity Centers

A new method of determining the stimulated emission cross-section spectra from the absorption cross-section spectra, which we call the integral method of reciprocity, is suggested it does not require knowledge of the structure of the impurity-center electron levels. Based on this method, formulas for calculating the radiation lifetime of impurity centers in crystals have been derived. The effectiveness of the integral method of reciprocity was demonstrated in determining the stimulated emission cross sections and radiation lifetime of an ytterbium ion in the laser crystals Yb³⁺:KYW and Yb³⁺:KGW.     

CsBr高压X光研究

 采用同步辐射X光源和能散法，对CsBr粉末样品进行高压原位X光衍射实验。由金刚石对顶压砧高压装置（DAC）产生高压，用已知状态方程的Pt粉末作内标，由Pt的衍射数据确定样品压力，最高压力达64.4 GPa。实验结果表明：室温常压下原始CsBr样品是具有简单立方结构的晶体，其晶格常数α＝0.428 5 nm。高压下CsBr的结构有所变化，在51.3~58.4 GPa的压力范围内，(110)线和(211)线发生劈裂，从而形成了四方相。     

北京同步辐射装置3B1B生物光谱实验站

本文介绍北京同步辐射装置（ＢＳＲＦ）３Ｂ１Ｂ光束线、生物光谱实验站和圆二色谱仪的基本情况。报道北京正负电子对撞机（ＢＥＰＣ）同步辐射专用光期间，我们在站测量了１１种手征性生物和药物样品的圆二色（ＣＤ）谱，首次在国内利用同步辐射光获取了Ｄ－苯丙氨酸等样品的ＣＤ谱和Ｄ－及Ｌ－亮氨酸对称的ＣＤ曲线。     

紫外可调谐辐射的波长自动跟踪研究

脉冲染料激光器的可见光波段辐射通过共线倍频和非共线混频实现紫外波段的连续可调谐输出.本文报道了一种闭环跟踪方法;在调谐起始波长处,将取样光束在垂直相位匹配方向分割成等光强的两部分,然后在波长调谐时比较和平衡这两部分光强.对该方法在理论上作了分析并在实验中得到成功的验证.获得的自动跟踪效率大于90%.     

WIDE RANGE DETECTOR USING PARABOLIC CYLINDRICAL MIRROR FOR THz APPLICATIONS

A new, wide-band, high-speed and high-sensitivity THz detector has been developed. The prototype detector consists of a parabolic cylindrical mirror, a long wire antenna and a Schottky barrier diode. Direct detection measurements have shown a stable sensitivity of 150 ± 50 V/W for 1–2 THz without any adjustments. The long wire antenna was fixed at the focus of parabolic cylindrical mirror then it has been realized less operation steps, easy coupling to the external THz signals and a dramatic enhancement in the practicality of this system. The optically polished mirror and frosted surface one showed comparable sensitivities, thus easy polishing and less cost mirror fabrication can be applied for this system. The radiation pattern showed a maximum radiation angle of approximately 23° with its dominant main lobe, which was attributed to the wire antenna character and confirmed good agreements with classical antenna theory.     

Optical design of a toroidal grating monochromator based beam line on Indus-1

In this paper, we discuss the detailed optical design of a beam line that is under construction on the synchrotron radiation source, Indus-1. Toroidal mirrors are used as pre-and post- focusing elements and a toroidal grating monochromator as a dispersing element. Using three interchangeable gratings, this monochromator will give, at a moderate resolution, a good throughput on the sample in the wavelength range 40 to 1000 Å. Effect of various parameters and their optimization on the resolution and throughput characteristics have been studied by ray tracing calculations, and presented.     

Spherically symmetric static inhomogeneous cosmological models

Spherically symmetric static cosmological models filled with black-body radiation are considered. The models are isotropic about a central observer but inhomogeneous. It is suggested that the energy density of the free gravitational field, which is coupled to the isotropic radiation energy density, might play an important role in generating sufficient field (vacuum) energy (when converted into thermal energy) and initiate processes like inflation. On the central world line the energy density of the free gravitational field vanishes whereas the proper pressure and density of the isotropic black-body radiation are constants. Further, it is shown that the cosmological constant is no more arbitrary but given in terms of the central pressure and density. Also, at its maximum value the energy density of the free gravitational field is proved to be equal to one third of the combined value of radiation pressure and density.